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InsidePatentTrolls-Page1EmergencyMotionsinFederalCourts-Page6Comcastv.Behrend-Page5LawSchoolDeansChemerinskyandTacha-Page15PatentInfringementLitigationThePatentTrollPhenomenonByMichaelJ.StimsonandMarthaK.Gooding1PatenttrollsmorepolitelycalledpatentassertionentitiesPAEsornon-practicingentitiesNPEshavechangedthepatentinfringe-mentlitigationlandscape.Theyalsocontinuetomakeheadlinesalthoughnotalwaysofthepositivekind.PAEsdonotmakeorsellproductsthatincorporatethepatentedinventionandaregenerallydefinedasentitieswhoseprimarybusinessmodelisbuyingpatentsforthepurposeofsuingonthem.PresidentObamacalledthemoutinhisMarch2013Google-sponsoredfiresidehangoutforhijackingtheideasofothersandextortingmoneysuggestingtheyareoneoftheproblemsthatremaintobeaddressedafterthe2011patentreformlegislation.AWhiteHouseTaskForceonHigh-TechPatentIssuesfollowedthatupwithaseriesoflegislativerecommen-dationsandexecutiveactionsdesignedtoprotectinnovatorsfromfrivolouslitigationandensurethehighest-qualitypatentsinoursys-tem.2CongresshasheldhearingsonabusivelitigationbyPAEsandseveralbillswererecentlyintroducedwiththeintentionofcurbingPAElitigationthroughforexamplegreaterattorneysfeeshiftingorexpandedadministrativepost-grantreviewproceduresforcertaintypesofpatents.Academicshaveweighedintooonere-centstudyconcludedthatPAEshaveanetnegativeeffectoninno-vationandimposeddirectcostsonU.S.businessesof29billionin2011alone.3EvenChiefJudgeRandallRaderoftheCourtofAp-pealsfortheFederalCircuithascalledforgreatercontrolofpatenttrolls.4OfcoursePAEsarenotwithouttheirdefenders.PAEsinsistthattheybenefitthepatentsystemandinfactencourageinnovationbyprovidingamarketforpatentswhichinturnbenefitsandrewardsinventorsandconsolidatingpatentsintoportfoliosthatmanufactur-erscanlicenseasawholeratherthannegotiatingpatentthicketspiecemeal.AsforpurportedlyinflatedPAEdamagesawardsitisnoteworthythatthemediandamagesawardfrom2006-2011de-ContinuedonPage7TheNewsletteroftheFederalBarAssociationOrangeCountyChapterFall2013 2FBAOCP.O.Box6130NewportBeachCA92658949608-9905FBAOCOfficersEricLandauPresidentKateCorriganPresident-ElectMatthewBellingerTreasurerPantehaAbdollahiSecretaryFBAOCDirectorsToOctober2013MichaelAdamsHon.RobertN.BlockHon.DavidO.CarterDanChambersHon.ScottC.ClarksonMikeDeVriesCollieJamesAmyLaurendeauMelissaMcCormickVanNguyenDavidOutwaterJeffreyThomasJenniferTrussoToOctober2014RomanE.DarmerRobertDickersonAlanGreenbergHon.AndrewJ.GuilfordJohnMarkJenningsDeborahMallgraveHon.ArthurNakazatoPamelaParmerKennethParkerLeoJ.PresiadoHon.JamesV.SelnaPeterVillarDenniseD.WillettDeanZipserMessageFromTheEditorThisissuemarksthereturnoftheNewsletteroftheFederalBarAssociationOrangeCountyChapterfollowingabriefrecess.MyinvolvementwiththeNewsletterbeganin2003whenAssistantUnitedStatesAttorneyLawrenceKoleservedasEditor-in-Chief.IcontinuedtoworkinanassistingcapacitythroughLarrystenureandthroughthatofmydearfriendJohnMarkJenningswhoprecededmeasEditor-in-Chief.IamindebtedtoLarryandJohnMarkforthelessonstheytaughtalongthewayandhumbledbythehighstandardsforqualitysetbythem.AbarassociationnewslettercangooneoftwodirectionsItcanfinditswaytothecircularfilewithoutdelayoritcanbecomearesourcewor-thyofafewmomentsrevieweverytimeitappearsinthemailbox.ToensurethatourNewsletterbecomesthelatterwerelyonqualityarticleslikethosepresentedherethecollaborativeeffortsandhardworkofourcolleagueshereinOrangeCounty.Weareverygratefulfortheexcellentcontributionsauthoredbysomeofourchaptersmostaccomplishedmem-berswhichreignitetheNewsletterinthisissue.Inthisissueourcontrib-utorscoveravarietyoftopicsfrompatentlitigationandclassactionprac-ticethroughapracticaldiscussionofemergencyandadministrativemo-tionpracticeinCaliforniasfederalcourts.Thisissueconcludeswithin-terviewsoftwoprominentlawschooldeansinanticipationoftheirup-comingprogramontheUnitedStatesSupremeCourts2013-2014term.TheNewslettershouldservenotonlyasareportonthecurrenteventsintheFederalBarAssociationbutaforumfortheexchangeofideasamongthemembersofourimpressiveanddiverselegalcommunity.AndsoIencourageyoutocontactmewithyourideaswhethertheyarefully-developedarticlestopicsforarticlesthatareintheexploratoryphaseorsimplysuggestionsabouthowwecanmaketheNewslettermoreusefultoyouinfutureissues.OurauthorsandstaffinvestagreatdealoftimeandeffortintoproducingtheNewsletterourhopeisthatitwillbeavaluableresourceforyouforyearstocome.Ilookforwardtoreadingyourcontributionsinthecomingyear.______________________________MatthewK.WegnerMatthewK.WegnerBrownWegnerBerlinerLLP2603MainStreetSuite1050IrvineCalifornia92614mwegnerbwb-lawyers.com949705-0080FBAOCNEWSLETTERSUBMISSIONS 3MessageFromThePresidentByEricLandauWhetheryoumakeanoccasionalappearanceorpracticeexclusivelyinfederalcourttheFBAOCiscommittedtomeetingtheneedsofallfederalpractitionersandservingasabridgebetweenourlocalfederalbenchandthebar.Wedosobyhostingorsponsoringase-riesofeventsthroughouttheyearthatofferopportunitiestomeetandhearfromourlocalfederaljudgestoenablenetworkingandbyprovidingcontinuinglegaleducationinsubstantiveareasthatreflectthediversityofourfederalpractices.Wealsorecognizetheimportanceofservingtheneedsofotherconstituentsofthefederalcourtsystemandthebroadercommunitybysupportingandhigh-lightingprobonoopportunitiesforfederalpractitioners.ThankstotheeffortsofahardworkingboardthesupportofourmembershipandthecontinuingcommitmentofourlocalfederaljudgestheFBAOChasonceagainbeenabletoprovideyouwithaterrificrosterofprogramssofarthisyearwhichhaswonusthenationalPresidentialAchievementAwardsthreeyearsinarowwithmuchmoretocome.TheCentralDistricthasbeenthevenueformanyhigh-profileintel-lectualpropertycasesovertheyearsandourmembershipincludesmanyofthefinestintellectualpropertylawyersinthecountry.SoitwasfittingthatinApriltheFBAOCco-sponsoredthe2013IPPro-gramAdvancedComplexLitigationSeriestogetherwiththeFeder-alCircuitBarAssociation.TheprogramtookplaceatWhittierLawSchoolandfocusedontheadvancedskillsthatareincreasinglynec-essaryincomplexIPlitigation.Adistinguishedpanelcomprisedofin-housecounselexperiencedIPlawyersandanumberofCentralDistrictjudgesmadeforaterrificprogram.InMaywehadanexcellentturnoutforourProBonoluncheonpro-gramatSeasons52inSouthCoastPlazawheresomeofourlocaljudgesspokeonthemanyprobonoopportunitiesintheBankruptcyandDistrictCourtsincludingChiefMagistrateJudgeSuzanneSegalwhotravelledfromLosAngelestodiscusstheCentralDis-trictsProBonoCivilRightsPanel.WeheardfromattorneyswhohavevolunteeredinsomeoftheprogramsincludingtheNinthCir-cuitProBonoProgramaswellasfromarepresentativeofthePub-licLawCenterwhodiscussedtherecentlylaunchedProSeclinicattheSantaAnaCourthouse.NomatterwhatyourareaofpracticetherearemanywaysforfederalpractitionersinOrangeCountytogivebacktothecommunitythroughprobonoworkandtherearelinksonourchapterwebsiteaswellastheCentralDistrictswebsiteformoreinformation.ContinuedonPage4EricLandauFBAOCPresident 4ContinuedfromPage3AlsoinMaywesponsoredawell-attendedCivilPrac-ticeSeminarprogramfeaturingJudgeTuckerandMagistrateJudgeNakazatowhoofferedinvaluabletipsfromthebenchforfederalcivilpractitioners.Whetheryouareabouttoappearinfederalcourttoargueamo-tionforthefirsttimeorareaseasonedveteranthereweremanyhelpfultakeawaytipsfromtheprogram.Summeristypicallyourbusiesttimeofyearwiththearrivalofsummerassociatesatmanyofourmembersfirmsandthisyearwasnoexception.AttendanceatoursummerBenchandBarluncheonswasterrific.InJuneourmembersweretreatedtoatalkbyJudgeSelnaonhislearningexperienceasajudgeinTheEducationofaDistrictJudgeandinJulyweenjoyedtheobservationsofBankruptcyJudgeClarksoninatalkwonderfullytitledToleranceforLegalAmbiguityorHowILearnedtoStopWorryingandLoveIncerti-tude.Botheventsunderscorehowmuchourmem-bersbenefitfromtheactiveinvolvementandsupportofourlocalfederaljudges.NowforalookatwhatisaheadPreviewofthe2013-2014SupremeCourtTermThenewSupremeCourttermtraditionallybeginsonthefirstMondayinOctoberanditislikelytobeanoth-eryearofblockbusterdecisionsbythehighcourt.BesuretojoinusforlunchonSeptember17attheHyattRegencyIrvineforapreviewofsignificantcasestowatchintheupcomingterm.ThePreviewwillbepre-sentedbytwodistinguishedconstitutionalscholarswhoalsoleadtwoofSouthernCaliforniasfinestlawschoolsErwinChemerinskyFoundingDeanandDis-tinguishedProfessoroftheUniversityofCaliforniaIrvineSchoolofLawandDeanellReeceTachaDuaneandKellyRobertsDeanofthePepperdineSchoolofLaw.DontmisstheinterviewsofbothofourpresentingDeanslaterinthisnewsletterandasneakpeakofwhattoexpectfromthePreview.AnnualJudgesNightThesuccessofourchapterisadirectresultoftheextraordinaryinvolvementandcommitmentoftimetoourprogrammingbyourdis-trictmagistrateandbankruptcyjudges.OurannualdinnereventhonoringallofthejudgesoftheCentralDistrictandtheNinthCircuitwilltakeplaceonOcto-ber17attheFairmontNewportBeachandwillfeaturebothareportonthestateoftheCentralDistrictbyourChiefJudgeandpresentationofthethirteenthannualJudgeAlicemarieH.StotlerAward.CriminalPracticeSeminarForthosemembersofourchapterwhopracticecriminallawandanyonewithaninterestinthenutsandboltsoffederalcriminalpracticeinthisDistrictlookoutforaflyeronouran-nualcriminalpracticeseminartobeheldatWhittierLawSchoolinNovember.BehindtheBooksWhetheryouareanewlyadmit-tedattorneyoranexperiencedpractitionerourBehindtheBooksprogramisaterrificwaytogetaninsidersviewofourownfederalcourthouseinSantaAnabeyondthecourtroomswherewegotoarguemo-tionsandengageintrials.ThetourtypicallyincludesabackofficelookattheclerksofficetheU.S.Mar-shalscellblockandthankstoourlocaljudgesavisittoajudgeschambers.CheckourwebsiteforaflyerwithallthedetailsonthisprogramwhichwilltakeplaceinNovember.SwearinginCeremonyAsinpastyearstheFBAOCwillsponsoraswearing-inceremonyandwelcomeforournewestcolleaguesfreshlyadmittedtotheCali-forniaandCentralDistrictbarsallofwhomwehopewilljoinusasmembersofFBAOCastheybegintheirprofessionaljourneys.SpecialthankstoallofourcontributorstothisissueoftheFBAOCnewsletterandinparticularfortheeffortsofoureditorMattWegnerRomanDarmerandassis-tanteditorRhiannaHughes.FinallythankyoutoeachofourmembersforyourcontinuingsupportofourFBAOCchapter.Ourchap-terisalwayslookingfornewwaystoserveyousopleasereachouttomeoranyboardmemberifthereareparticularprogramsthatwouldbeofinteresttoyou.IlookforwardtoseeingyouatanFBAOCeventinthecomingmonths._________________________EricLandauisapartnerintheIrvineofficeofJonesDayandisPresidentoftheFederalBarAssociationOrangeCountychapter. 5ComcastCorp.v.BehrendAnEchoofDukesByKennethG.ParkerandWilliamONeillTherecentUnitedStatesSupremeCourtdeci-sionComcastCorp.v.Behrend1canbede-scribedasanechoofthereverberationsfeltincourtspost-Wal-MartStoresInc.v.Dukes.2ThoughtheBehrendopiniondidnotreceivethesamepublicityasDukesclassactionliti-gantsshouldbeawareofitsimplications.TheDukesCourttoucheduponbutdidnotdecidewhetherexpertopinionsshouldbesub-jecttotheDaubertstandardattheclasscertifi-cationphase.3Thisissuecutsacrossmostclassactiondisciplinesbecauseplaintiffsfre-quentlyrelyonexperttestimonytosatisfytherequirementsofRule23.Butwhatkindofanalysisshouldacourtundertaketodeterminewhetheraclassshouldbecertifiedwhentheevidenceofdamagesisprimarilyorexclusive-lyexpert-generatedAndtowhatextentcanacourtentertainargu-mentspertinenttothemeritsofthecaseinthecourseofevaluatingwhethercertificationisappropriateThesearenotinsubstantialquestions.WhentheDukescourttouchedonthesepointstheopinionmandatedthatcourtsconductarigorousanalysisthatfrequentlywillentailsomeoverlapwiththemeritsoftheplaintiffsunderlyingclaimandsuggestedwith-outdecidingthatDaubertappliedattheclasscertificationstage.ShortlyafterDukestheNinthCircuitaddressedtheintersectionofDaubertandtherigorousanalysisstandardandconcludedthatwhileitwasappropriatetoapplyDaubertatthecertificationstageitwasinappropriatetolimitanalysissimplytoanexpertopinionsadmissibilityratherthanthefullbreadthoftheexpertanalysis.4TheEighthCircuitaddressedasimilarissueandrefusedtorequirethedefendantsrequestedfullandconclusiveDaubertinquiryattheclasscertificationstagebutdidapprovethedistrictcourtsfocusedDaubertinquiryconcerningtheexpertsareasofexper-tiseandreliabilityofanalysis.5TheBehrendCourtwassupposedtoprovideaworkableframeworkfortheDaubertrigorousanalysisintersectionbecauseitgrantedcertioraritoaddresswhetheranex-pertsmodelhadtobeadmissibleunderDaubertforpurposesofclasscertification.ContinuedonPage8NewsletterEditorsMatthewK.WegnerEditor-in-ChiefRhiannaS.HughesAssistantEditor 6FBAOCUPCOMINGEVENTSPreviewofthe2013-2014SupremeCourtTermSept.172013AnnualJudgesNightandPresen-tationofthe13thAnnualAlicemarieH.StotlerAwardOctober172013CriminalPracticeSeminarBehindtheBooksPleasecheckwww.fbaoc.comforfurtherdetails.AvoidingCloseCallsNavigatingtheLocalRulesforSeekingQuickAdministrativeReliefintheNorthernandCentralDistrictsofCaliforniaByRomanE.DarmerandJeremyS.CloseItisasituationthatmanylawyerswillfindthemselvesinatsomepointintheircareersYouneedmoretimetofileapleadingorneedotheradministrativereliefthereisinsufficienttimetofilearegularlynoticedmotionandei-theryoucannotgetaholdofopposingcounseltoobtainastipulationoropposingcounseljustwontcooperate.WhilelitigantsintheNorth-ernDistrictofCaliforniahaveasetprocedureforgettingsuchadministrativereliefthroughalocalrulelitigantsintheCentralDistrictofCaliforniamustnavigatemurkierwatersforexpartemotionswhichareoftensupplementedbyindividualjudgesstandingorders.AndwhilesomeattorneyshavecalledfortheCen-tralDistricttoadoptauniformlocalruleformotionsforadministrativereliefacomparisonoftheproceduresintheNorthernandCentralDistrictsrevealsthatthereisvalueinhowbothDistrictshandlethesesituations.UndertheNorthernDistrictsLocalRule7-11apartymaybringanexpeditedmotionforadministrativereliefbyfollowingparticularprocedures.Theruleismeanttoaddressmiscellaneousadminis-trativemattersnototherwisegovernedbyafederalstatutefederalorlocalruleorstandingorderoftheassignedjudge.WhiletherulespecificallystatesthattheproceduremaybeusedformotionstoexceedapplicablepagelimitsandmotionstofiledocumentsundersealsomeNorthernDistrictjudgeshavespecifiedintheirstandingordersthataRule7-11motionmayalsobemadetocontinuehear-ingsrequestspecialstatusconferencesmodifybriefingschedulesormakeotherproceduralchanges.ProcedurallytheNorthernDistrictallowsthemovingpartyfivepagestospecifytheactionrequestedandtoprovideareasonedar-gumentandthemotionmustbedeliveredtothenon-movingpartyonthesamedayevenifthemotionismanuallyfiled.IftheContinuedonPage9 7PatentTrollsContinuedfromPage1clinedfrom8.7millionto4.0millionfromthepriorfive-yearperiod5andthatofthetopthreecivilverdictsin2012allhappenedtobepatentcasesbutnoneoftheminvolvedaPAE.6Sothedebatecontinues.Butwhereveronecomesoutonthenetbenefitvs.netdetrimentissueitisclearPAEswillremainpartofthepatentlandscapeandwillcontinuetofundamentallyaffectwhatwedoaslawyersandjudges.ThisarticleconsiderssomeoftheissuesposedbyPAElitigationandsomeoftheon-goingeffortstoaddressthem.PatentDamages.BecausePAEsdonotpracticethepatentedinventiontheyhavenosalesandcan-notseeklostprofitsasameasureofinfringementdamagestheycanonlyseekdamagesintheformofareasonableroyalty.ConsequentlyajurythatfindsaPAEspatentinfringedisnotaskedtoconsiderdataonthePAEssalesprofitmarginsormarketsharetodeterminetheprofitsitwouldhavemadebutfortheinfringement.Insteadthejuryisin-structedtoimagineahypotheticalroyaltynegotia-tionbetweenthePAEandthedefendantjustbeforeinfringementbeganandtoawardasdamagesthereasonableroyaltytowhichtheywouldhaveagreed.AlthoughtheFederalCircuithasinsistedthatthehypotheticalroyaltyexercisemustrestonsoundeconomicandfactualpredicates7italsohasacknowledgedthatthereasonableroyaltycalcu-lusnecessarilyinvolvesanelementofapproxima-tionanduncertainty.8Onemightexpectthatthehypotheticalnegotia-tionconstructwouldyieldlowerdamagesthanalostprofitsanalysisorthatjurieswouldawardonaveragegreaterdamagestoacompetitor-plaintiffapracticingentitythatsuesacompetitorformakingorsellinginfringingproductsthantoaPAE.Notso.InfactaccordingtoarecentpatentlitigationstudyonaveragePAEplaintiffsrecoveredfarmoreoverthelastdecadeinreasonableroyaltydamagesthandidbusinessesthatsuedcompetitorsforpatentinfringementseekinglostprofits.9Evidentlywhenaskedtoimaginetheresultsofahypotheticalnego-tiationmanyjurorsareabletoimaginesomeheftysums.TheFederalCircuithasmadesignificanteffortsinrecentyearstoensurethatreasonableroyaltydam-agesreflecteconomicrealityorastheCourtputitthatdamagesproofistiedtotheclaimedinven-tionsfootprintinthemarketplace.10ForexampletheCourthasunderscoredthenarrownessoftheentiremarketvaluerulewhichpermitsapatenteetobaseroyaltydamagesontheentirerevenuesgen-eratedbyaninfringingproducteventhoughthepa-tentedfeatureisonlyoneofmanyincorporatedintotheproduct.Thinkofcellphonesorcomputerswhereonlyonefeatureorcomponentisaccusedofinfringingthepatent.TheCourthasputmoreteethintoitslong-standingrulethatpatenteesmayinvoketheentiremarketvalueruleonlyiftheyprovethepatentedfeaturewasthebasisforcustomerde-mandfortheproduct.11IndeedtheCourtrecentlyunderscoredthatitisnotenoughtomerelyshowthatapatentedfeatureormethodisvaluableim-portantorevenessentialtotheuseorcommercialviabilityofanaccusedmulti-componentproductincasesinvolvingmulti-componentproductspatent-eesmaycalculatedamagesbasedonsalesoftheen-tireproductonlyiftheyshowthatthedemandfortheentireproductisattributabletothepatentedfea-ture.12InadditiontheCourthasprohibiteduseoftheso-called25ruleofthumbunderwhichdamagesexpertsassumedthatareasonableroyaltywouldbe25oftheallegedinfringersprofits.13Italsohasinsistedthatdamagesexpertswhorelyonroyal-tyratesinotherpre-existingpatentlicensesasevi-denceofwhatthepartieswouldhaveagreeduponinthehypotheticalnegotiationmustshowthattheoth-erlicensestrulyarecomparabletothehypotheticallicense.14Thusanexpertwhoopinesthattherea-sonableroyaltyrateforoneortwopatents-in-suitwouldbethesameroyaltyratepaidforapatentportfoliolicensecoveringdozensoflicensesandothertypesofintellectualpropertyorknow-howislikelytohavedifficultysurvivingaDaubertchal-lenge.ContinuedonPage10 8ComcastContinuedfromPage5TheCourtsopinionthoughdidnotactuallyruleontheadmissibilityissueapointcriticizedin-tenselybythedissent.Insteadtheopinionad-dressedwhetherapartyseekingtomaintainaclassactionmustsatisfyRule23srequirementsthroughevidentiaryproofevenwheresuchanaly-sismayoverlapwiththemeritsoftheunderlyingclaim.6TheBehrendmajorityconcludedthatbe-causethedamagesmodelfashionedbytheplain-tiffsexpertfailedtoestablishthatdamagescouldbemeasuredonaclass-widebasistheplaintiffshadnotsatisfiedtherequirementthatcommonis-suespredominateoverindividualissuesofpar-ticularclassmembers.Accordinglycertificationoftheclasswasimproper.Byreachingthiscon-clusiontheBehrendmajoritydidnotresolvethebroaderquestionofwhethertheDaubertstandardforadmissibilityofexperttestimonyappliesattheclasscertificationstage.BackgroundFactsandProceduralHistoryTheplaintiffsinBehrendbroughtanantitrustsuitallegingthatthedefendantcablecompanyat-temptedtomonopolizethecablemarketinPhila-delphiathroughaseriesofswaptransactionswithcableprovidersinothermarkets.7Theputa-tiveplaintiffsproposedfourdifferenttheoriesofantitrustimpactintheirmotionforclasscertifica-tioneachofwhichallegedlyincreasedcablesub-scriptionpricesinthePhiladelphiaarea.8Toestablishclass-widedamagestheplaintiffsre-liedonaregressionmodelthatcomparedactualcablepricesinPhiladelphia-areacountiestopricesincontrolcountieswithgreatercompetition.9Theplaintiffsmodeldidnotisolatedamagesresult-ingfromanyonetheoryofantitrustimpactbutinsteadmeasuredallfourultimatelyconcludingthatthetwomillionpotentialclassmembershadbeenharmedinexcessof875000000.10Thedistrictcourtcertifiedthetwo-million-memberclassunderRule23b3ononlyoneofthefourtheoriesbutrejectedtheremainingthreebecausetheywereincapableofclass-wideproof.11OnappealtheThirdCircuitaffirmedthedistrictcourtsdecisioninitsentirety.12CitingtheDukesopiniontheThirdCircuitnotedthatalthoughdis-trictcourtsmustengageinarigorousanalysisatthecertificationstagetheymaynotengageinameritsinquiryforanyotherpretrialpurpose.13TheappellatecourtconcludedthattheBehrendplain-tiffssatisfiedtherequirementsofRule23simplybyprovidingamethodtomeasureandquantifydamagesonaclass-widebasis.14IntheThirdCircuitsviewitwasunnecessarytodecidewhethertheexpertsmethodologywasajustandreasonableinferenceorspeculative.15AccordinglytheThirdCircuitfocusedonwhethertheplaintiffscouldestablishtheelementsoftheirclaimattrialthroughproofcommontotheclass.WithrespecttotheissueofdamagestheThirdCircuitfoundthattheplaintiffshadestablishedthroughtheirexpertwitnessesthattherewasamethodbywhichdamagescouldbemeasuredonaclass-widebasis.ThemajoritystatedinafootnotethatdistrictcourtsneednotapplyDauberttoex-pertsatthecertificationstagewheretheanalysiswouldturnclasscertificationintoamini-trial.16Comcastagainappealed.TheSupremeCourtgrantedcertiorariontheques-tionofwhetheradistrictcourtmaycertifyaclassactionwithoutresolvingwhethertheplaintiffclasshadintroducedadmissibleevidenceincludingex-perttestimonytoshowthatthecaseissusceptibletoawardingdamagesonaclass-widebasis.17SupremeCourtDamagesModelInsufficientforRule23sRequirementsThepartiesdevotedmostoftheirbriefingtotheDaubertissues18whichasitturnedoutwasfornaught.TheBehrendCourtdeclinedtoaddressthoseissuesandinsteadfocusedonthesubstantivequestionofwhethertheplaintiffsexpertsdamag-esmodelwassufficienttodemonstratethatdam-agescouldinfactbedeterminedonaclass-widebasis.WritingforthemajorityJusticeScaliaempha-ContinuedonPage13 9CloseCallsContinuedfromPage6movingpartyisunabletosecureastipulationforthereliefsoughtitmustsubmitadeclarationexplainingwhyastipulationcouldnotbeobtained.Partieswishingtoopposeorsupportthemotionalsohaveonlyfivepagestosuccinctlymaketheircounterar-gumentsandtheymustfiletheirbriefsnolaterthanfourdaysafterthemotionhasbeenfiled.Thecourtconsidersthemotionsubmittedforimmediatedeter-minationwithouthearingonthedayaftertheop-positionisduei.e.5daysafterthemotionisfiled.TheCentralDistricthasnosuchLocalRuleforad-ministrativeprocedures.Ratherapartywouldtypi-callyneedtoseekexpeditedreliefthroughanexparteapplicationunderLocalRule7-19.UnliketheNorthernDistrictslocalruleforadministrativemotionsLocalRule7-19isfairlysparseinitspro-ceduralrequirements.Forinstancethereisnostat-edpagelimitforthememorandumofpointsandauthoritiesmeaningthemovingpartyandtheop-posingpartymaysubmita25-pagebriefasal-lowedunderLocalRule11-6.Thememorandummustexplainthereasonsforseekinganexparteor-derandmustcontainifknownthenameaddresstelephonenumberande-mailaddressofopposingcounsel.Thetwodistrictsdohavesimilarrequire-mentsforattemptingtoobtainagreementamongthepartiesforthereliefsought.TheNorthernDistrictrequiresthepartiestoattempttostipulatetothere-liefsoughtwhiletheCentralDistrictrequiresthatthemovingpartyadvisethecourtinwritingofitsgoodfaitheffortstocontactcounselforotherpar-tiesinthecasetoadvisethemofthedateandsub-stanceoftheproposedapplicationandwhetherthosepartieswillopposetheapplication.DuetothelackofproceduralguidelinesprovidedbytheCentralDistrictsLocalRule7-19manyCentralDistrictjudgeshaveexpandedtheirproceduresintheirstandingordersrequiringthemovingpartytopaycloseattentiontotherequirementsofitsparticu-larjudge.LitigantsmayalsobewaryofseekingsuchreliefintheCentralDistrictasmanyofthejudgesmakeitclearintheirstandingordersthatexpartemotionsarenotreadilywelcomeunlesstheyareseekingextraordinaryreliefwhichmightnotincludethetypesofadministrativereliefcontem-platedbytheNorthernDistrictsLocalRule7-11.InfactmanyofthejudgesstandingorderscitetoaleadingCentralDistrictcaseinwhichthecourtheldthatanexparteapplicationisonlyjustifiedwhen1theevidenceshowsthatthemovingpartyscausewillbeirreparablyprejudicedunderregularnoticedmotionproceduresand2itisestablishedthatthemovingpartyiswithoutfaultincreatingthecrisisthatrequiresexparterelief.MissionPowerEngineeringCo.v.ContinentalCasualtyCo.883F.Supp.488C.D.Cal.1995.Thiscaseheavilycriti-cizedtheoveruseofexparteapplicationsasathreattotheadversarialsystemgiventhattheoppositionmaynotbeprovidedwithafairopportunitytobeheard.NearlyhalfoftheCentralDistrictjudgesciteMissionPowerEngineeringorotherwisementionthisextraordinaryreliefrequirementwithintheirstandingorders.AfewCentralDistrictjudgesalsothreatensanctionsinresponsetothemisuseofexparteapplications.Anotherdifferencebetweenthetwodistrictsproce-duresistherighttoahearing.WhiletheNorthernDistrictdecidesalladministrativemotionsonthepaperstheCentralDistrictslocalruleissilentonapartysrighttoahearingonanexpartemotiongiv-ingtheindividualjudgesdiscretionastowhethertheywillallowahearing.ManyCentralDistrictjudgesarereluctanttogranthearingsinconnectionwithexparteapplicationsandthemajoritystateintheirstandingordersthatexparteapplicationsarenormallyconsideredonthepapers.SomeCentralDistrictjudgeshavestandingordersthatexplicitlydeclinetoofferhearingsonanyexparteapplica-tions.BecausetheCentralDistrictsLocalRule7-19alsodoesnotspecifythetimingforopposingordecidingexpartemotionsmanyjudgessetthetimingintheirstandingorders.WhiletheNorthernDistrictgivesanon-movingpartyfourdaystoopposeanadminis-trativemotionCentralDistrictjudgesoftenrequirethatanyoppositiontoanexparteapplicationbefiledwithin24hoursoronecourtdayaftertheap-plicationisserved.OtherCentralDistrictjudgesContinuedonPage12 10PatentTrollsContinuedfromPage7TheseandsimilarjudicialpronouncementsareoftenviewedastheFederalCircuitsowneffortsatpatentreformintendedtorationalizepatentdamagesandcurbexcessivedamagesawardsattributedtothePAEphenomenon.JoinderofDefendants.PAEscangainsignificantleveragebysuinginasinglelawsuitmultiplede-fendantsthatsellsimilarproducts.BroadjoinderfavorsthePAEplaintiffbyallowingittominimizelitigationcostswhilemaximizingthepotentialset-tlementamountsordamagesawards.ButastheFederalCircuithasnotedbroadjoindercanpreju-dicedefendantsforexamplebyunfairlyreducingthetimeeachdefendantisgiventopresentitsnon-infringementdefenses.15The2011AmericaInventsActAIAsoughttoredresstheinequitybyforbiddingmultipledefend-antsfrombeingsuedinasingleinfringementactionunlesstheclaimsagainstthemrelatetothesameproductorprocess.Inpracticehoweverthesalu-taryeffectofthischangecanbebluntedbycourtsbroadlatitudetomanagetheircases.Asamatterofjudicialeconomyandefficiencymostcourtsfacedwithaseriesofnewfilingsinvolvingthesamepa-tentsareconsolidatingtheseparatecasesforallpre-trialproceedings.16Onecourtrecentlysuggestedconsolidationmightevenextendtoajointtrialoncommonissuesleavingonlytheinfringementdeter-minationforseparatetrials.17AsapracticalmattersuchconsolidationcanleavePAEswithmostoftheleverageandefficienciestheyenjoyedbeforetheAIA.PatentProsecution.Foratleastthepastdecadeboththenumberofpatentapplicationsandthenum-berofpatentsissuedhassteadilyincreased.Asaconsequencepatentexaminersmayhavelesstimetoscrutinizeeachapplicationacircumstancethatmaybeexacerbatedbytheeffectsofthecurrentse-quester.Thepatentofficeisattemptingtoaddresstheproblembyincreasingitsexaminerscorpsbywellover1000examiners.18Neverthelessinevita-blysomepatentsissuethatshouldnot.Infacttheproblemmaybegettingworse.Arecentstudyindi-catesthattheallowancerateforpatentapplicationshasincreasedsharplyoverthelastthreeyearssug-gestingaloweringofthestandardsforgrantingpa-tents.19Giventhestrongcorrelationbetweenthenumberofpatentsgrantedandthenumberofpatentinfringementcasesfiledsimplyputmorepatentsmeansmorelitigationthismayleavebusinessesfacingsomethingakintoaperfectstormanin-creasingquantityofpatentlitigationandadecreas-ingqualityinthepatentsasserted.20JudgeRichardPosneroftheSeventhCircuitwhosometimessitsbydesignationinpatentactionsintheDistrictCourtrecentlyspokepubliclyonthisissuesug-gestingthatthePTOdoesapoorjobofevaluatingpatentstoomanypatentsaregrantedandthepre-sumptionofvalidityshouldbeeliminated.21Oneparticularlytroublingproblemispatentswhoseclaimlanguagevaguelydelineatesthescopeofthepatentcoverage.22SomePAEsareabletoexploitvaguepatentsbyassertingthemagainstproductsthatbearnorelationtowhatwasactuallyinventedanddescribedinthepatents.Vaguepatentsincreasethelikelihoodofexpensivelitigationandraisethespecterofpatenteesreapinginfringementdamagesforproductsoutsidethescopeofthepatentedinven-tion.Byfailingtogivebusinessespropernoticeoftheirscopevaguepatentsalsohamperbusinessesabilitytoavoidwastingtimeandresourcesdesign-ingandsellingpotentiallyinfringingproducts.Alt-houghtheUSPTOnowallowsthepublictosubmitpriorartinconnectionwithpendingpatentapplica-tionsifthescopeofanapplicationisvagueorunre-latedtoitswrittendescriptionthepublicwilllikelyfinditdifficultifnotimpossibletoidentifyitasacandidateforsuchpre-grantsubmissions.Asimilarproblemmaydiminishtheutilityofpost-grantre-viewgiventhetimelimitofninemonthstofilebusinesseswilllikelyhavedifficultyidentifyingwhichpatentstochallengeparticularlyifthePAEwaitsninemonthstofilesuit.WhatevertheirflawsormeritsitisasafebetthatPAEsarenotgoingaway.AtthesametimetrialcourtsareincreasinglywillingtoimplementContinuedonPage11 11PatentTrollsContinuedfromPage10creativeandflexiblecasemanagementtechniquesthatmakeiteasiertoidentifymeritlesscasesearlyonoratleastnarrowandrefinetheissuesinwaysthatmakepatentinfringementactionsmoreamena-bletosettlementorsummaryadjudication.AndofcoursetheFederalCircuitwillcontinuetomakefurtherimportantrefinementsinthepatentlaw.WithoutadoubtPAEsandpatentreformwillcon-tinuetobethefocusofintenseinterestanddebate._____________________________________1MichaelJ.StimsonandMarthaK.GoodingarepartnersinJonesDaysIrvineCaliforniaoffice.TheviewsexpressedherearetheauthorsandnotthoseofJonesDayitsclientsortheFBAOC.TheauthorsthanktheircolleagueMichelleStoverforherassistanceinpreparingthisarticle.2httpwww.whitehouse.govthe-press-office20130604fact-sheet-white-house-task-force-high-tech-patent-issues.3JamesBessenandMichaelJ.MeurerTheDirectCostsfromNPEDisputesBostonUniv.SchoolofLawWorkingPaperNo.12-342012availableathttpwww.bu.edulawfacultyscholarshipworkingpapers2012.html.4RandallR.RaderChiefJudgeoftheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfortheFederalCircuitTheStateofPatentLitigationAddressattheE.D.TexasJudicialConferenceSeptember272011availableathttpwww.patentlyo.comfilesraderstateofpatentlit.pdf.5SeePRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERSLLP2012PatentLitigationStudyLitigationContinuestoRiseAmidGrowingAwarenessofPatentValue.72012httpwww.pwc.comen_USusforensic-servicespublicationsassets2012-patent-litigation-study.pdf.6SeeTheTop100Verdictsof2012THENATIONALLAWJOURNALMarch42012at14citingCarnegieMellonUniv.v.MarvellTech.W.D.Pa.1.69billionApplev.SamsungN.D.Cal.1.04billionMonsantov.duPontE.D.Mo.1billion.OfcoursenotalltheseverdictssurvivedJMOLmo-tionsintact.7Rilesv.ShellExplorationandProd.Co.298F.3d13021311Fed.Cir.2002.8LucentTechs.Inc.v.GatewayInc.580F.3d13011325Fed.Cir.2009citationomitted.9PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERSLLPsupranote4at711.10ResQNet.comInc.v.LansaInc.594F.3d860869Fed.Cir.2010.11RiteHiteCorp.v.KelleyCo.Inc.56F.3d15381549Fed.Cir.1995citationomittedWehaveheldthattheentiremarketvaluerulepermitsrecoveryofdamagesbasedonthevalueofapatenteesentireapparatuscontainingseveralfea-tureswhenthepatent-relatedfeatureisthebasisforcustomerdemand.UnilocUSAInc.v.MicrosoftCorp.632F.3d12921320Fed.Cir.2011TheSupremeCourtandthiscourtsprecedentsdonotallowconsiderationoftheentiremarketvalueofaccusedproductsforminorpatentimprove-mentssimplybyassertingalowenoughroyaltyrate....Fortheentiremarketvalueruletoapplythepatenteemustprovethatthepatent-relatedfeatureisthebasisforcustomerde-mandcitationsomitted.12LaserDynamicsInc.v.QuantaComputer694F.3d5167-68Fed.Cir.2012.13Uniloc632F.3dat1315Evidencerelyingonthe25per-centruleofthumbisthusinadmissibleunderDaubertandtheFederalRulesofEvidencebecauseitfailstotieareasonableroyaltybasetothefactsofthecaseatissue.14Seee.g.ResQNet.com594F.3dat868-874LucentTechs.580F.3dat1327-28.15Seee.g.InreEMCCorp.677F.3d13511355Fed.Cir.2012.16SeeNormanIPHoldingsLLCv.LexmarkInternationalInc.No.11-cv-00495ECFNo.253at6-10E.D.Tex.Aug.102012forChiefJudgeLeonardE.Davisexplanationofhowpretrialconsolidationpromotesjudicialefficiency.17SeeCEATSInc.v.ContlAirlinesInc.No.610-cv-00120Dkt.No.888E.D.Tex.Feb.142012orderdenyingmotionforseparatetrials.18UNITEDSTATESPATENTANDTRADEMARKOFFICEPATENTEXAMINERS2013availableathttpwww.uspto.govdashboardspatentskpiskpiExaminers.kpixml.Onecommen-tatorhassuggestedhoweverthatgivenhighattritionratesamongexaminersatthepatentofficethislevelofnewhireswilldonomorethanallowthepatentofficetokeepeven.MarkA.LemleyFixingthePatentOfficeinINNOVATIONPOLICYANDTHEECONOMY8389JoshLernerandScottSterneds.2013.19ChristopherAnthonyCotropiaet.al.PatentApplicationsandthePerformanceoftheU.S.PatentandTrademarkOfficeRichmondSchoolofLawIntellectualProp.Inst.ResearchPaperNo.2013-012013availableathttpssrn.comabstract2225781.20PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERSLLPsupranote4at6.21RyanDavis7thCirc.sPosnerCallsForCrackdownonPa-tentProliferationLAW360May142013httpwww.law360.comarticles439755.22SeeMarkA.Lemleysupranote17at84. 12CloseCallsContinuedfromPage9requirethatanoppositionbefiledataspecifiedtimeonthefirstbusinessdayfollowingserviceoftheapplicationthoughthesetimesvaryamongthejudgesandmaybe1200p.m.300p.m.or500p.m.AndwhiletheNorthernDistrictconsidersanadministrativemotionsubmittedforimmediatedeterminationonthedayaftertheoppositionisdueitisnotalwaysclearwhenanindividualCen-tralDistrictjudgeconsidersanexparteapplicationripeforadecisionparticular-lywhenhisorherstandingordersdonotspecifyatime-lineforsubmittinganopposi-tion.SomeCentralDistrictjudgessimplystatethatanexparteapplicationshallstandsubmitteduntilfurtherorderofcourt.SomeattorneyspracticingintheCentralDistrictmaywishthelocalrulesincludedauni-formprocedureforseekingadministrativereliefbuttheNorthernDistrictslocalruleisnotwithoutitsissues.TheNorthernDistricthassoughttocreateanexpeditedproceduretodealwithcom-monrequestsforreliefbuttheproceduremaynotgivethelitigantsufficienttimetoobtainthereliefitneedsastherulerequiresafivedayperiodbe-forethemotionisdeemedsubmittedfordetermi-nation.Thesetimingissuesmayalsodiscouragethenon-movingpartyfromstipulatingtothereliefrequestedparticularlyincontentiouslitigationwhereapartyseekstodelayproceedingsordead-lines.FurthermoretheNorthernDistrictslocalrulemayleadtoabusewithlitigantsoverloadingthecourtswithmotionsthatarenotsufficientlyadministrativeinnatureandwhichwereneverintendedtobecoveredunderthelocalrule.Thisalonemaybereasonforthenon-movingpartytodeclinearequestforastipulationandmayforceallpartiesinthecasetofileoppositions.Andwhilethefive-pagebriefinglimitandfour-dayop-positionperiodmayreducetheeffectsofimpropermotionsonnon-movingpartiesthecourtitselfwillstillbeburdenedbytakingthetimetodenythesemotionsandexplainwhytheyareimproper.Similarlytheproceduresavailableforseekingad-ministrativereliefintheCentralDistricthaveis-suesasthereisalackofuniformitywidelyvary-ingproceduresamongtheindividualjudgesoftenunclearproceduresonhowtoopposethemotionsandpotentialforabusebyforcinganon-movingpartytorespondtolengthypointsandauthoritiesinonlyafewhourstime.Howeverthefactthatmanyjudgeshaveastateddistasteforexparteap-plicationsmayleadtomorecooperationbetweenthepar-tiesinagreeingtostipulationsandmaydiscouragelitigantsfromfilingsuperfluousmo-tionslesttheyfacethewrathofthejudgeandpossiblesanctions.TheCentralDis-trictsvariationalsoappearstogivethecourtmoreflexi-bilityandmayevenallowaquickerdecisionforthemov-ingpartyasthereisnofive-daywaitingperiod.Thismaybecrucialforthepartythathasoverlookedanimportantdeadlineandneedsanimme-diatecontinuance.Thereareprosandconsinthedifferentwaysthetwodistrictshandleadministra-tivemotionsandtheperfectlocalrulehasyettobecrafted.________________________________________RomanE.DarmerisapartnerintheIrvineofficeofJonesDay.JeremyS.CloseisanassociateintheIrvineofficeofJonesDay.Thefactthatmanyjudgeshaveastateddistasteforexparteapplicationsmayleadtomorecooperationbetweenthepartiesinagreeingtostipulationsandmaydiscouragelitigantsfromfilingsuperfluousmotions... 13ComcastContinuedfromPage8sizedthatcourtsmayneedtolookbeyondthepleadingsbeforeresolvingtheclasscertificationquestion.CitingDukesthemajoritystatedagainthatitmaybenecessaryforcourtstoprobebe-hindthepleadingsbeforecomingtorestonthecertificationquestioninordertosatisfythere-quiredrigorousanalysis.19TheCourtfaultedthelowercourtsforrefusingtoconductthiswork.AstheCourtnotedbyrefusingtoentertainargumentsagainstrespond-entsdamagesmodelthatboreontheproprietyofclasscertificationsimplybecausethoseargu-mentswouldalsobepertinenttothemeritsdeter-minationtheCourtofAppealsranafoulofourprecedentsrequiringpreciselythatinquiry.20TheCourtthenanalyzedtheplaintiffsexpertsdamagesmod-elandfounditwanting.Themodelitselfpurportedtomeasuredamagesfromallfourpotentialtheoriesofantitrustimpact.Butbecauseithedistrictcourtper-mittedplaintiffstoproceedononlyonetheoryandiitheex-pertsreportmadenoattempttoidentifythedamagesattributabletotheoneremainingtheorytheniiitheexpertsmodelcouldnotestablishthattheputativedamagesoftheproposedclassrelatedtothattheoryweresusceptibletoclass-widemeas-urement.21TheCourtexplainedthatatthecertifi-cationstageanymodelsupportingaplaintiffsdamagescasemustbeconsistentwithitsliabilitycase.22Ifthemodelcouldnotmeasurethosedamagesattributabletoaspecifictheorythenthatmodelcouldnotpossiblyestablishthatdam-agesweresusceptibleofmeasurementacrosstheentireclassforpurposesofRule23b3.23Notsurprisinglythedissentdirecteditsinitialcriticismtowardwhatthedissentsawasthema-joritysfailuretoaddressthequestiononwhichcertiorarihadbeengrantedwhetherDaubertap-pliesattheclasscertificationstage.24ThedissentalsotookissuewiththemajoritysholdingthataclasscouldnotbecertifiedgivenPlaintiffsfailuretodemonstratethatdamagescouldbemeasuredonacommonclass-widebasis.Thedissentcontend-edthatrecognitionthatindividualdamagecal-culationsdonotprecludeclasscertificationunderRule23b3iswellnighuniversalwithlegionsofappellatedecisionsacrossarangeofsubstantiveclaims.25Thedissentthenattemptedtolimitthemajoritysholdingbysuggestingthatthemajoritysopinionwasgoodforthisdayandcaseonlyandthatthedecisionbreaksnonewground.26Itislikelythatthedissentsanalysisismorewishfulthinkingthanprecedent-diminishing.ThisisparticularlytruebecausetheCourtspost-BehrendactionsleavelittledoubtthattheBehrendopinionwillitselfechoacrosstheclassactionspectrumratherthanconfineitselfsimplytoanti-trustbehavior.27IndeedtheCourtvacatedandremandedforreconsiderationtwocasesinlightofBehrendwithindaysofitsdecisionincludingaproductsliabilitycase28andawageandhourclassaction.29ThewageandhourcaseRBSisparticularlyinterestingbe-causeatfirstblushitdoesnotappeartoinvolvepreciselythesameissuesBehrendconsidered.IndeedtheRBSmatterconfrontedthelowerhurdleofRule23a2commonalityanddidnotplacedamagesatis-suebutthedefendantsdidargueformoreparticu-larizedclasscertificationssincetheplaintiffsad-vancedfourdifferentliabilitytheoriesaddressingtwodifferentclassesexemptandnon-exempt.SomecourtobserversbelievethattheportionoftheBehrendopinionthatwillmosteffectcaseslikeRBSisthefollowingstatementThefirststepinadamagesstudyisthetranslationofthelegaltheoryoftheharmfuleventintoananalysisoftheeconomicimpactofthatevent.30ItwillbeworthfollowinghowtheRBSdistrictcourtinter-pretsitsrequiredactionsinlightoftheBehrenddecision.ContinuedonPage14TheBehrenddecisionwilllikelyincreasethenumberofDaubertchallengestoexpertreportsattheclasscertificationstage. 14ComcastContinuedfromPage13WiththeintersectionofDukeswhichdidconsid-erRule23a2theBehrenddecisionandnowthegrantvacateremandofRBSitappearsthatthedissentmaybecorrectthattheBehrenddeci-sionbrokenonewgroundbutthedissentisincor-recttoassumetheBehrendanalysiswouldbelim-itedtosimplythecaseatissue.TakeawayTheBehrenddecisionwilllikelyincreasethenumberofDaubertchallengestoexpertreportsattheclasscertificationstage.ThiswillnotbeachangeinjurisdictionssuchastheFifthCircuitandtheSeventhCircuitwherechallengestoex-perttestimonydeemedcriticaltoclasscertifica-tionisalreadyroutinelysubjecttoDaubertanaly-sis.31IntheendtheCourtreaffirmedtherigorousanalysisstandardfromDukeswhichwillcontin-uetomandatedistrictcourtstolookbeyondthepleadingstoresolvetheclasscertificationrequire-mentsevenifsuchanalysisoverlapswiththemeritsoftheunderlyingcase.TheBehrendcasealsosuggeststhatplaintiffsinputativeclassactionsuitsmayneedtotietheirdamagesmodelstotheirspecifictheoryofliabilityinordertocertifyaclass.Defendantsopposingclasscertificationshouldchallengedamagesmodelsthatdonotcor-relatewiththeplaintiffstheoryofliability.MoregenerallytheBehrenddecisionre-affirmswhatalllitigantsknowClasscertificationwillremainamajorbattlegroundinclassactionlaw-suits.Inanycaseinvolvingindividualizeddeter-minationsofdamagesdefendantswouldbewelladvisedtoarguethatdamagescannotbeestab-lishedonaclass-widebasisaspartoftheirpre-dominancechallengetoclasscertification.______________________________________KennethG.ParkerisapartnerintheOrangeCountyofficeofHaynesandBooneLLP.WilliamONeillisanassociateintheOrangeCountyofficeofHaynesandBooneLLP.1133S.Ct.1426March272013.2131S.Ct.254120113131S.Ct.25412553-54.4Ellisv.CostcoWholesaleCorp.657F.3d9709thCir.20115InreZurnPexPlumbingProd.Liab.Litig.644F.3d604612-148thCir.2011.6133S.Ct.14261432.7Id.atp.1430.8Id.atp.1430-31.9Id.10Id.11Id.12Id.13Id.14Id.15Id.16655F.3d182215n.183rd.Cir.2011.17567U.S.at133S.Ct.242012.ThisisadifferentquestionthantheoneputforthinComcastspetitionWhetheradistrictcourtmaycertifyaclassactionwithoutresolvingmeritsargumentsthatbearonRule23sprereq-uisitesforcertificationincludingwhetherpurportedlycom-monissuespredominateoverindividualonesunderRule23b3.133S.Ct.14261435Ginsbergdissent.18Id.19Id.atp.1429.20Id.atpp.1432-33.21Id.atpp.1430-31.22Id.atp.1433.23Id.24Id.atp.1435GinsburgdissentThiscasecomestotheCourtinfectedbyourmisguidedreformulationoftheques-tionpresented..25Id.atp.1437Ginsburgdissent.26Id.27ClassactionlitigantsarealsodirectedtothesubsequentUnitedStatesSupremeCourtdecisionofGenesisHealthcareCorp.v.Symczyk.133S.Ct.15232013.28Whirlpoolv.GlazerNo.12-322U.S.Apr.12013.29Rossv.RBSCitizensN.A.No.12-165U.S.Apr.32013.302013WL1222646at7emphasisinoriginalquotingFederalJudicialCenterReferenceManualonScientificEvidence4323ded.2011.31Messnerv.NorthshoreUniv.HealthSys.669F.3d8027thCir.2012Ungerv.AmedisysInc.401F.3d316323n.65thCir.2005. 15ErwinChemerinskyisFoundingDeanoftheUni-versityofCaliforniaatIr-vineSchoolofLaw.UCILawhasbeeninthespotlightasthemostre-centlyopenedlawschoolinCaliforniaandfortheex-tremelyhighbarpassrateofitsfirstgraduat-ingclassbutlookingbackwhatwasyourfirstreactionwhenyouwereinvitedtolaunchabrand-newlawschoolinOrangeCountyIwasnotlookingtoleaveDuke.Wehadonlybeenthereforafewofyears.ButthemoreItalkedtopeopleatUCIthemoreexcitedIgotforwhatsreallyaonce-in-a-lifetimeopportunitytobeapartofcreatingsomethingthatwillbeherelongafterImgone.WhathasbeenyourvisionforUCILawsinceitsinceptionTherehasalwaysbeentwopartstothevisionfromthebeginning.OnewasarticulatedbytheChan-cellorandtheprovostlongbeforeIwasinvolved.Theywantedthistobeatop20lawschoolbyeve-rymeasurefromtheoutset.Theotherismyvisionthatlawschoolshouldbeaboutpreparingstudentstobelawyersatthehighestleveloftheprofession.SoIwantedustolookforbetterwaystodoamuchbetterjoboftrainingourlawstudentstobelawyersthanlawschoolstraditionallydo.ManysaythatittakesdecadestoachieveapremierlawschoolstatusbutUCIissteadilygrowingtobeoneofthenationstoplawschools.WhatinyouropinionhashelpeditachievesomuchinafewshortyearsThetremendoussupportfromtheChancellorandtheprovostandtheOrangeCountylegalcommu-nity.Therealityiscreatingatoplawschoolisexpensive.Wehavetorecruittopfaculty.Theschoolisultimatelydeterminedonthequalityofthefacultyandthestudents.Forthefacultynooneisgoingtotakeapay-cuttocomehere.Mostnewlawschoolshireprimaryentrylevelfacultywithafewseniorlevelfaculty.Wevehiredover-whelminglyexperiencedfacultywithfewjuniorfaculty.Thisisthemostexpensivewaytogoaboutitbuttheuniversityprovidedthesupportandthecommunityprovidedthesupport.Wede-cidedinordertoattractstudentswewouldstartverysmallandwewouldraiseenoughmoneytogivethemscholarshipstocomehere.Wesuc-ceeded.Wegotterrificstudentstocomehere.Butthatrequiresthefinancialsupportfromthecommunitytodothat.AndsoIthinkthatthefi-nancialsupportprovidedbyouruniversityandbytheOrangeCountycommunityhasbeenthemostimportantinthesuccesseswehavehad.WhatisnewthisyearatUCILawWerealwaysaddingnewfaculty.WehavefourwonderfulnewfacultyjoiningusBenjaminvanRooijiscomingtousfromtheNetherlands.HeistheleadingexpertonChinalawintheworldandheisgoingtobetheheadofourChinaLawInsti-tute.DougNeJaimeisjoiningusfromLoyolaLawSchoolandisanexpertonsexualorientationlawwhichisconstitutionallaw.Andwehave2newclinicalprofessorsAnnieLaiwhowillworkintheimmigrantrightsclinicandJaneStoverwhowillbecreatingourdomesticviolenceclinic.Theschoolisexpandingintermsofstudents.Wereaggressivelylaunchingourbuildingcam-paign.Wehaveawonderfulfacilitybutwereoutgrowingitandwehavetobuildanewbuild-ing.Andweregoingtoformallylaunchthecam-paigntoraisemoneytobuildournewbuilding.TheFederalBarAssociationOCChapterisveryexcitedtohaveyouandDeanDeanellReeceTachatherecentlyappointedDeanofPepperdineSchoolofLawatitsSupremeCourtUpdateProgramonSeptember17thatContinuedonPage16InterviewerErnaMamikonyanINTERVIEWDISCUSSIONSWITHTWODEANS 16theHyattRegencyinIrvine.CanyougiveusapreviewofsomeofthemostsignificantissuesfacingtheCourtinitsnewtermthatyoumightbediscussingattheeventTothispointtheSupremeCourthasgrantedre-viewin27cases.ThecasethatIampersonallymostinterestedinistheoneImgoingtoargueintheSupremeCourtUnitedStatesv.Apel.ItsacasethatcamefromourAppellateLitigationClin-ic.Twothird-yearstudentsMatthewPlunkettandSelwynChuarguedthecaseintheNinthCircuitinApril2012.Itinvolveswhetherornotforapersontopeaceful-lyprotestonPacificCoastHighwayrightoutsidetheVandenbergAirForceBase.LegallyitsapublicroadPacificCoastHighwaythatrunsout-sidethegateofthemilitarybasebuttechnicallyofficiallyitsapartofthemilitarybasebutcanthegovernmentexcludesomebodyfromit.WewonintheNinthCircuitandtheUnitedStatesgovernmentsoughtSupremeCourtReviewandMondayofthisweektheSupremeCourtgrantedreviewandIllbearguingthecaseinDe-cember.TheresanimportantcaseintermsofcampaignfinancebeforetheCourt.Intermsofwhetherthegovernmentcanlimitcampaigncon-tributions.TheSupremeCourtsince1976saidthatitsOKforthegovernmenttolimitcontribu-tionsbuttheycannotlimitexpenditures.ThisnowraisesthequestionisitunconstitutionaltolimitcontributionsaswellTheresamajorcasethatinvolveswhetherornotvotersinastatecanprohibitaffirmativeaction.ThevotersinMichi-gancasttheinitiativeessentiallyidenticaltoCali-forniasproposition209thatsaysthattherecannotbediscriminationorpreferencesgivenbasedonraceorgender.Andalawsuitwasbroughtthatsaysitsunconsti-tutionaltoprohibitaffirmativeactionandtheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfortheSixthCir-cuitdeclareditunconstitutional.TheSupremeCourtgrantedreview.Sothoseareafewofthecases.WhatsocialimpactdoyoubelievethedecisionswillhaveIthinkthefinancecasesareenormouslyimportantbecausetometheyhavesuchaneffectonpoli-tics.IftheSupremeCourtsaysthattherecantbecontributionlimitsyouthenhaveenormouscon-tributionsdirectedatcandidatesthatriskcorrup-tionortheappearanceofcorruption.IntermsofaffirmativeactionIthinkthereisthequestionCanthevotersinastatesaythatcolleg-esanduniversitiescanconsideranyfactorbutnotraceorgenderRaceandgenderespeciallyracecanbesocrucialinthecontextoffindingoutwhoapersonisandtosaythatacollegeoruniver-sitycanconsideranythingbutnotthataspectofapersonsbackground--isthatunconstitutionalAndthecaseImgoingtoargueApelisreallyabouttherighttoprotestonpublicstreets.Inyourviewwhathasbeenthebiggestsur-priseofthecurrentSupremeCourttermClapperv.AmnestyInternational.ThisinvolveswhetherornotlawyersbusinesspeoplejournalistscanbringachallengetoalawthatallowstheNa-tionalSecurityAgencytointerceptcommunica-tionsinthoseintheUnitedStatesandforeigncountries.AndtheSupremeCourt5-4saidthatbecauseplaintiffscouldntshowthattheirconver-sationswereaffectedtheycouldntbringachal-lengetothis.Thismeansnobodycanbringachal-lengeevenitsunconstitutional.DeanChemerinskythankyouagainforspeak-ingwithme.TheFBAOCChapterislookingforwardtoaterrificSupremeCourtUpdateprograminSeptember.OfcourseIamtoo.IveknownDeanTachaforalmost20years.ImetherwhenshewasajudgefortheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfortheTenthCircuit.IwouldgotoeveryTenthCircuitconferencesince1996soIgottoknowherthroughthat.Ivedonemanyprogramswithherthroughouttheyears.Ithinkshesjustwonderful. 17DeanellReeceTachawasrecentlyappointedDeanofPepperdineUniversitysSchoolofLawfollowingadistinguishedcareerasaJudgesittingontheTenthCircuitCourtofAppeals.GoodmorningDeanTa-chathankyousomuchfortakingthetimeoutofyourbusyscheduletospeakwithme.YouhadaveryuniquepathtobecomingDeanofPepperdineUniversitysSchoolofLawfromyourseatasChiefJudgeoftheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfortheTenthCircuit.HowdidyoudecidetoleaveyourpositionasChiefJudgeoftheTenthCircuitfortheacademyWellitwasareallydifficultdecisionbecauseIlovedtheCourt.Ilovedmycolleagues.Ilovedthework.Iwasinlegaleducationandinhigheredu-cationpriortomyappointmenttothebench.Ihadbeenthevice-ChancellorforacademicaffairsandonthelawschoolfacultyatKansas.AndIhadcompletedaverylongtenureonthe10thCircuitandIsawthemanychangesandchallengesthatwereconfrontinglegaleducationandIthoughtthatbothmyexperienceandmyinterestsmightprovidemeaperspectivetoperhapsbeusefulbackinlegaleducation.AndsowhenIbecameeligibleforseniorstatusactuallyanumberofin-quiriescametomeaboutmyinterestincomingbacktolegaleducation.AndIinitiallysaidOhno.ButwhenPepperdinebegantocallandtalktomeIdecidedIdexplore.Andtherestishisto-ry.Idecidedtodoit.Ithinkitisinterestingtobeinlegaleducationrightnow.Iabsolutelyloveworkingwiththestudentsandwithourfaculty.IhavebeenveryverygratifiedbytheresponseoftheSouthernCalifornialegalcommunitytosomeoftheissuesinlegaleducationandhaveenjoyedworkingwiththeOrangeCountyBartheLosAn-gelesBartheBeverlyHillsBarthevariousbarassociationsaroundbecauseIthinkitissoim-portantfortheprofessionandlegaleducationtojointogethertoaddresssomeoftheissuesthataresocriticaltothefutureofbothlegaleducationandoftheprofession.Foundedin1969PepperdineSchoolofLawhasbeenoneofthebiggestsuccessstoriesamongCalifornialawschoolsintermsofrank-ingsbarpassageratesandjobplacement.WhatdoyouattributethatsuccesstoWellIthinkitisseveralthings.Ithinkthattheleadershipatthislawschoolinthelastdecadehashadavisionofenhancingexcellenceandmakingrealcommitmentstothelawschool.AndIcantakenocreditforthat.ButDeanStarrdidamag-nificentjob.TheuniversityadministrationPresi-dentBentonandtheprovosthavemadebigcom-mitmentstothelawschoolintimeswhenalotofhighereducationwasntdoingthat.Wevealsobeenabletohiresometrulyworld-classfacultymembershere.Andweverecruitedsomereallyoutstandingstudents.Sothosearethecompo-nents.Wehaveofcoursethenumberonedis-puteresolutionprograminthecountryfornineyearsrunningandalternativedisputeresolutionarbitrationnegotiationmediationareallsuchimportantpartsofthelegalprofession.Soweareabletodrawastudentbodybasedonthatstrengthaswell.AndthenourmissionBecauseweareaChristianlawschoolwehavethenewbarinstituteonlawreligionandethicswherealotofourstu-dentscometousbecausewedoalotofworkinglobaljustice.Wedoalotofworkinethics.Wetrytobringtoallofourprogrammingasenseofthelawasaprofessionalcallingandonethatre-quiresthehighestethicalandservicestandards.Inwhatwaysdoyoufeelyourjudicialback-groundwillhelpyouasDeanofPepperdineLawLetmestartwiththetransferrableskills.Beingajudgeisinsomewaysalife-longlearningprocessbecauseeverycaseyoupickuprequiresyoutolearnagreatdealaboutsomethingyoumayormaynothaveknownabout.Soyourlegaleduca-tionisthebackdroptocontinuedlife-longlearn-ing.AndthethingthatIthinkismosttransferra-bleformeistohaveseenthatoverthe25yearsthatIwasajudge.Iwascontinuallylearning.SoitisnotasmuchaboutthesubjectmatterasitisContinuedonPage18 18ContinuedfromPage17aboutthatanalyticalandlegaldoctrinalbackdropforproblem-solvinggoingforward.AndsooneofthethingsthatIhavetriedtobringtoPepperdineisasortofpracticalscholarlyapproachtowhatlegaleducationoughttolooklikeforthefuture.Wecannotremainthesame.Theinformationisgoingtochangedramaticallyliterallydaily.WhatisnewthisyearatPepperdineWevehiredsomefabulousnewfacultywhowilljoinusintheFallandwehavesomethathavejoinedusthispastyear.Wealsoinitiatedthispre-ceptorprogramwhichpairseveryoneelsewithapracticinglawyerorjudgeforthefullyear.Weareteachingrequiredprofessionalismcoursestoeveryoneelse.Wearerunningourownbarprepa-rationcoursethatisdoingverywell.Wehavejuststartedatwo-calendaryearJDCertificateforDis-puteResolutionsothatastudentcancompleteboththeJDandtheCertificateforDisputeResolu-tionintwocalendaryears.Sotheybeganthedayaftergraduationandtheywillfinishintwoyears.TheFBAOCChapterisveryexcitedtohaveyouandDeanErwinChemerinskyofUCILawatitsSupremeCourtUpdatePrograminSeptember.WhatareafewofmostsignificantissuesfacingtheCourtnexttermthatyouan-ticipatediscussingattheeventTheydonlyasofyesterdaygrantedcerton28cases.Itsalittlehardtosortoutwhatisgoingtobethemostimportant.Itlooksliketomethereisaveryimportantprayercaseestablishmentclausecaseitseemstomewhichisalegislativeprayerpractice.YouknowItskindofwhatcanyoudointhepublicsquareSoIthinkthatisgoingtobeanimportantone.ButthereisalsoastandingcaseandanenvironmentalcasethatprobablysoundslikealotofprocedurebutIthinkthatmightbereallyimportantwhohasstandingtobringenvironmentalchallenges.ThenthereareseveralcapitalcasesonthisagendawhichIreallyhadntpaidattentionto.Thecourthasntbeendoingasmuchindeathpenaltyworkinthelastcoupleofterms.ButtheyvegrantedcertatleasttwoandIthinkitisthreecapitalcases.DoyouseeanyofthesetohavesocialimpactastheycomedownWhichonedoyoufindwouldhavethebiggestimpactdependingonhowitcomesdownfromthecourtYouknowattheonesIlookedthroughsofaranditisveryearlyontheywontgrantcertuntilmuchlaterinthesummeronalotofthem.SowewillknowalotmorebySeptember.Butsofaritdoesntlooktomeliketheonestheyvegrantedcertonarethekindofblockbustercasesthattheyhavethistermnoneofwhichhavecomeoutyet.ButIcouldbewrongaboutthatandthereareseveralreallyimportantproceduralonesbuttherestoftheworldoutsidethelegalworldwontbewatchingthosequitesomuch.Thereisacam-paigncontributiononewhichcouldbeveryim-portant.Sothatcouldhavesomeimpact.Espe-ciallyassumingitgetsdecidedhereinthenextyearbecauseoftheelectioncyclecomingup.________________ErnaMamikonyanwillcompleteherthirdyearoflawschoolatUCIrvineSchooloflawin2014andisasummerassociateatJonesDay.TheInterviewstranscribedhereinwereconductedearlyinSummer2013.PREVIEWOFTHE2013-2014UNITEDSTATESSUPREMECOURTTERMTuesdaySeptember172013HyattRegency17900JamboreeBlvd.IrvineCalifornia1130a.m.to12noonRegistrationandReception12noonto130p.m.LunchandProgramvisitwww.fbaoc.comfordetails 19Membersofthefederalbenchandbarinattendanceatvarious2013FBAOCevents. 20